8th Grade Science Guide

8.1: Chemistry 3 Dimensions & Progressions

Unit 2

STANDARD ●​ 8.1.5 Develop a model that uses computational thinking to illustrate cause and effect relationships in particle motion, temperature, density, and state of a pure substance when heat energy is added or removed . Emphasize molecular-level models of solids, liquids, and gasses to show how adding or removing heat energy can result in phase changes, and focus on calculating the density of a substance’s state. (MS-PS1-4) ●​ 8.1.7 Design, construct, and test a device that can affect the rate of a phase change. Compare and identify the best characteristics of competing devices and modify them based on data analysis to improve the device to better meet the criteria for success. (MS-PS1-6)

CONCEPTS

SKILLS

●​ Particle Motion ●​ Temperature ●​ Density ●​ Pure Substance ●​ Energy

●​ Cause & Effect ●​ Computational thinking ●​ Develop a Model

LEARNING PROGRESSIONS

●​ Motion energy is properly called kinetic energy. ●​ Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present. ●​ The term “heat” as used in everyday language refers both to thermal energy (the motion of atoms or molecules within a substance) and energy transfers by convection, conduction, and radiation (particularly infrared and light). In science, heat is used only for this second meaning; it refers to energy transferred when two objects or systems are at different temperatures.

VOCABULARY

●​ Temperature ●​ Phase change ●​ Thermal energy ●​ Kinetic energy ●​ Thermometer ●​ Melting

●​ Freezing ●​ Condensation ●​ Evaporate ●​ Vaporize ●​ Collide

●​ Expand ●​ Conductor ●​ Insulator ●​ Convection ●​ Conduction ●​ Radiation

POSSIBLE PHENOMENA ●​ Different bulbs are floating in the Galileo thermometer inside the classroom than in the Galileo thermometer that is outside the school. ●​ The hot air balloon operator has to change the rate of propane burning based on the time of day.