CTESS ebook

STUDENT BEHAVIOR CODES

Student Behavior (Momentary Time Sampling Recording)

Descriptor

Definition

Target student is actively saying, writing, reading, or doing and this activity conforms with teacher directives, including procedural directives. The student must be doing something other than listening, observing, or reading silently. The student’s thinking has been made visible.

Examples : Student is… •

sharing with a partner (as directed by teacher).

• writing on an assigned worksheet page or working on the computer as assigned. • reading aloud as directed from a book or screen (e.g., whisper reading, choral reading, reading to partner…). • following along with finger, whisper reading, or annotating as others are reading aloud. • raising hand (or signaling) to get a teacher’s attention or approaching a teacher for help. • getting out materials, as directed by teacher. • typing on a keyboard or interacting with a touchscreen during a digital activity as assigned. Non-examples : Student is… • facing the teacher or computer screen and appears to be following instruction or paying attention to assigned task. (mark as Passive Engagement). • engaged in Silent Sustained Reading without following along with finger, whisper reading, annotating, etc. (mark as Passive Engagement). • engaging in activity, unrelated to current topic, without teacher permission. (mark as Off-Task). Target student is passively attending to instruction by looking at the teacher, peer, or materials (such as video) but is not doing anything other than listening or observing. Examples : Student is… • reading silently, whether from a book or computer screen. • sitting quietly at desk, appearing to be attentive, while teacher is instructing or giving directions but is not actively speaking, writing, or working on an activity. • sitting quietly with collaborative work group but is not actively speaking, writing, or working on an activity. • listening to a partner sharing (as directed by teacher). Non-examples : Student is… • reading aloud as directed. (mark as Active Engagement). • not focused on the correct passage or task. (mark as Off-Task). • looking in desk or backpack while teacher is instructing. (mark as Off-Task). • responding to a partner by nodding, agreeing, interjecting. (mark as Active Engagement).

Active Engagement (A)

Passive Engagement (P)

Target student is engaged in activity that is not the assigned task . Student is neither actively engaged nor looking at the teacher or assigned work. Student may or may not be disrupting the class.

Examples : Student is… • out of seat (e.g., getting a drink) but not bothering anyone else. • looking away from the teacher or instructional materials and directing attention toward something else (e.g., talking to a neighbor, resting head on desk with eyes closed before task is completed). • still looking for materials (assignment, book, pencil, etc.) long after the activity has begun. Non-examples : Student is… • sitting quietly at desk, looking at book or worksheet. (mark as Passive Engagement). • talking to a classmate when waiting for the bell to ring at the end of class and the teacher has not provided the class with a task to be engaged in. (mark as Down Time).

One category must be indicated for each interval during the observation.

What the Student is Doing: Mutually Exclusive

Off-Task (O)

Teacher has not provided a task for the student(s) to be engaged in .

Examples : Student is… • done with assignment before end of work time and spends remainder of time on unrelated activities. • waiting for the teacher to begin or resume instruction. • finished transitioning and is waiting for the teacher to resume instruction. • out of seat or sleeping and the teacher has not provided a task to be engaged in. Non-examples : Student is… • talking while class is watching a movie. (mark as Off-Task). • sleeping while class is working on assigned task. (mark as Off-Task).

Down Time (X)

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