SALTA 4th grade

Numbers and Operations - Fractions

Core Guide

Grade 5

Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to multiply and divide fractions (Standards 5.NF.3–7). Standard 5.NF.5 Interpret multiplication as scaling.

a. Compare the size of a product to the size of one factor on the basis of the size of the other factor, without performing the indicated multiplication. For example, the products of expressions such as 5 x 3 or ½ x 3 can be interpreted in terms of a quantity, three, and a scaling factor, five or ½. Thus in addition to knowing that 5 x 3 = 15, they can also say that 5 x 3 is five times as big as three, without evaluating the product. Likewise they see ½ x 3 as half the size of three. b. Explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than one results in a product greater than the given number (recognizing multiplication by whole numbers greater than one as a familiar case); explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than one results in a product smaller than the given number; and relate the principle of fraction equivalence. For example, 6/10 = (2x3)/(2x5). In general, a/b = ( n x a ) / ( n x b ) has the effect of multiplying a/b by one . Concepts and Skills to Master  Understand relationships between the size of factors and products  Use estimation to check the reasonableness of the products  Understand multiplication as scaling as expressions that can be interpreted in terms of quantity and scaling factor (5 x 3 is 5 times as big as 3. x 3 is

1 2

half the size of 3)

 Explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction greater than one results in a product greater than the given number  Explain why multiplying a given number by a fraction less than one results in a product smaller than the given number  Understand fraction equivalence

Related Standards: Current Grade Level

Related Standards: Future Grade Levels

5.OA.2 Write and interpret numerical expressions 5.NF.4b Find the area of a rectangle with fractional side lengths

6.RP.1 Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities 6.RP.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b not equal to 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship 6. RP.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems.

Critical Background Knowledge from Previous Grade Levels  Use the four operations to solve word problems. (4.MD.2)  Explain why a fraction a/b is equivalent to a fraction (n x a)/(n x b) by using visual fraction models (4.NF.1)  Compare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators (4.OA.2)  Interpret a multiplication equation as a comparison (4.OA.1)  Interpret products of whole numbers (3.OA.1)  Interpret whole-number quotients of whole numbers (3.OA.2)

Academic Vocabulary scaling, array, factor, product, x means “of”, compare, increase, decrease, fraction greater than 1, fraction less than 1, mixed number

5.NF.5