Physics Instructional Guide

Energy and Its Conservation

Physics

Quarter 2

McGraw Hill Module 10

○ Simple computer program ○ Spreadsheet ○ Simulation software package application

Students analyze data to calculate the effects of: ● Changes in one component of the system when changes in the energy of the other components and the energy fows are known. Interpreting Data Students use the analyzed data to (describe a mechanism for, support the claim that, to make a claim): ● the maximum possible change in the energy of one component of the system for a given set of energy fows Students include a statement regarding how variation or uncertainty in the data may affect the interpretation of the data, including: ● the limitations of the data based on the assumptions that were made in creating the algebraic descriptions of energy changes and fows in the system. Standard 2.3 Components of the model From the given model, students identify and describe ● all the components of the system and the surroundings, as well as energy fows between the system and the surroundings; Develop a model at a macroscopic scale based on evidence to illustrate ● The components of the system and the energy fow that occurs between the system and the surroundings ● Motion, sound, light, thermal energy, potential energy, or energy in felds Relationships Students identify the following relationships between components of the given model: ● Changes in the relative position of objects in gravitational, magnetic or electrostatic felds can affect the energy of the felds (e.g., charged objects moving away from each other change the feld energy). ● Thermal energy includes both the kinetic and potential energy of particle vibrations in solids or molecules and the kinetic energy of freely moving particles (e.g., inert gas atoms, molecules) in liquids and gasses. ● The total energy of the system and surroundings is conserved at a macroscopic and molecular/atomic level. ● Chemical energy can be considered in terms of systems of nuclei and electrons in electrostatic felds (bonds). ● As one form of energy increases, others must decrease by the same amount as energy is transferred among and between objects and felds. Connections Students use the model to illustrate: ● that in closed systems the energy is conserved on both the macroscopic and molecular/atomic scales so that as one form of energy changes, the total system energy remains constant, as