Elementary Tier 2 Manual

Behavioral Instructional Priorities TIER 1 Implementation Guide

Link to Tier 1 - Instructional Guide document

DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT Differential reinforcement is when reinforcement is provided for appropriate behavior and reinforcement is withheld when inappropriate behavior occurs. This increases appropriate behavior while decreasing inappropriate behavior.

Implementation Example(s): Determine Schedule of Reinforcement: Using baseline data, determine how frequently the behavior is occurring. Reinforcement needs to occur at a high rate than the inappropriate behavior. Example: If the student leaves their seat every 5 minutes, on average, they should be reinforced for being in their seat AT LEAST every 4 minutes. Frequent Schedule of Reinforcement: A frequent schedule of reinforcement is when the appropriate behavior is reinforced every time it occurs. This is usually used when a new skill is being taught or when a dangerous behavior needs to be extinguished. Example : Implement when a student is learning a new skill to replace an inappropriate behavior, such as asking for a break instead of running out into the hall or raising hand to talk instead of shouting out during class. The student would not get teacher attention if they did yell out in class. Random Schedule of Reinforcement: A random schedule of reinforcement is “catching someone being good.” In a class setting, it can be difficult to provide reinforcement everytime a student does the appropriate behavior. The student still needs to receive reinforcement at a high rate. Example: Once a dangerous behavior is extinguished or a new replacement behavior has been learned, the schedule of reinforcement can shift from frequent to random. Fidelity Check: ❏ Outside Observer: The rate of reinforcement is happening frequently enough. The reinforcement matches the function of the behavior. The student is motivated by the reinforcer ❏ If the data shows higher rates of reinforcement are required, more are provided. If data shows less rate of reinforcement or required, a fade procedure is implemented. *See Structured Schedule of Reinforcement on next page.

Implementation Guidelines: ● Define desirable behavior ● Define challenging behavior

● Take baseline data ● Determine rate of reinforcement

○ Frequent ○ Random ○ *Structured

● Create menu of

possible reinforcers ● Collect and analyze intervention data ● If behavior is improving: fade reinforcement schedule ● If behavior is increasing: increase rate of reinforcement