Chemistry Instructional Guide

Intro to Chemistry and Engineering

Chemistry

Quarter 1

HMHUnit 1

nature and chemical properties of reactants and products, and availability of resources. Evaluating Potential Solutions Students systematically evaluate the proposed refnements to the design of the given chemical system. The potential refnements are evaluated by comparing the redesign to the list of criteria (i.e., increased product) and constraints (e.g., energy required, availability of resources). Refning and/or Optimizing the Design Solution Students refne the given designed system by making tradeoffs that would optimize the designed system to increase the amount of product, and describe* the reasoning behind design decisions. *When “describe” is referenced, any of the following descriptions could be used: written, oral, pictorial, and kinesthetic. Standard 4.3 What does it look like to demonstrate profciency on this standard? Using Scientifc Knowledge to Generate Solutions Students design a device that converts one form of energy into another form of energy. Students develop a plan for the device in which they: ● Identify what scientifc principles provide the basis for the energy conversion design; ● Identify the forms of energy that will be converted from one form to another in the designed system; ● Identify losses of energy by the design system to the surrounding environment; ● Describe the scientifc rationale for choices of materials and structure of the device, including how student-generated evidence infuenced the design; and ● Describe that this device is an example of how the application of scientifc knowledge and engineering design can increase benefts for modern civilization while decreasing costs and risk. Describing Criteria and Constraints Students describe and quantify (when appropriate) prioritized criteria and constraints for the design of the device, along with the tradeoffs implicit in these design solutions. Examples of constraints to be considered are cost and effciency of energy conversion. Evaluating Potential Solutions Students build and test the device according to the plan. Students systematically and quantitatively evaluate the performance of the device against the criteria and constraints. Refning and/or Optimizing the Design Solution Students use the results of the tests to improve the device performance by increasing the effciency of energy conversion, keeping in mind the criteria and constraints, and noting any modifcations in tradeoffs.

DIFFERENTIATION IN ACTION

Skill Building

Unit Project: Optimizing Toothpaste (p. 1H)